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Branches of Civil Law
There are a lot of branches of civil law. It covers a lot of disputes related to the rights and liabilities of people living in the country. Some of the branches of the civil law are as follows:
Contract Law
The laws made for legal contracts contain provisions governing and interpreting a contract where the parties to a contract mutually agree to sell or purchase goods or services, property, etc. the contract law not only defines the rights and liabilities of parties to the contract but also provides the sufficient remedy to party who has been aggrieved from the act of another party. The Act also defines the available remedies that can be availed by the parties.
In India, the Indian Contract Act of 1872 governs contracts. A contract is defined as an agreement which is legally enforceable by law. This definition has been mentioned under Section 2(h) of the Act. The Act defines what contracts are void, valid and voidable. The Act covers different types of contracts such as contracts of indemnity, guarantee, agency, bailment, etc.
Property Law
The property laws in India define who is the rightful owner or has possession of property. It defines the rights and duties of people on the use or transfer of the property along with following all the reasonable restrictions defined in the statutes. As per the Acts, there are 2 types of property, real and personal property. A personable property is one that can be moveable such as a vehicle, precious jewels, stocks, furniture, etc or that be tangible or intangible such as copyright, trademark, know-how, etc. Real property includes all the immovable properties such as buildings, land, etc.
The prevailing statutes governing property laws in India are the Indian Contract Act of 1872, the Transfer of Property Act of 1882, the Indian Easement Right of 1882, etc.
Family Law
The law which governs the matters related to people in a family is called family law. The law defines the rights and obligations of people over matters related to child custody, maintenance, marriage, divorce, adoption, etc.
In India, there are personal laws of parties that govern their family matters. For people belonging to the Hindu community, the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 is there, for Christians, the Indian Christian Marriage Act of 1872 is there, etc.
Tort Law
A person who has committed a civil wrong resulting in harm or injury to another person or property is said to have committed a tortious act. Under tort law, a person aggrieved by the act of another can claim damages for the injury suffered to him or the property. The law of tort is an uncodified law. Some examples of tort law are negligence, trespass, etc.
Corporate Law
The law which covers the rights, responsibilities and functioning of corporate entities (companies) is called corporate law. The law contains provisions with regard to the formation, investments, combinations and winding up of a company. The prevailing statutes governing companies include the Companies Act of 2013, the Sale of Goods Act of 1930 and the Indian Partnership Act of 1932, etc.
Administrative Law
This law is an uncodified law. The law defines the powers, rights and obligations of the administrative bodies in India. The law is related to the executive branch of the Indian government. To solve matters concerning administrative actions, there have been separate tribunals established to solve disputes.
